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1 oPqhdcefjlotiugprbaslLkKkvbBsDrD3T2T1TyxwsSvOMmmILvELqQn2OCS1OCSz 1 lONCE PART OR WHOLLY ENTERED, A MOVE CANNOT BE WITHDRAWN - THE DELETE KEY HAS BEEN RENDERED INOPEPAWNCHESS IS A NEW GAME. IT IS BASED CLOSELY ON CHESS, PLAYED WITH PAWNS ONLY. 1 YOUR MOVE* 1 YOU RESIGN 1 YOU PLAY THE COMPUTER ON A MATCHBASIS. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE MATCH YOU CAN SELECT SKILL LEVELTIME CONTROL & DECIDE WHO PLAYS FIRST. 1 YOU HAVE WON 1 YOU CAN RESIGN AT ANY TIME IN THE GAME BY PRESSING THE 'R' KEY. 1 YOU CAN END A MATCH AND START A FRESH ONE AT ANY TIME. A SCORE CARD IS DISPLAYED IF YOU DO THIS 1 WORSE STILL, STAUNTON WROTE A HANDBOOK.IT ENSURED HIS POSITIONAS A GREAT CHESS THEORETICIAN. CHAPTER EIGHT DESCRIBES IN SOME DETAIL HOW TO AVOID LOSING GAMES- STAUNTON WAS AN EXPERT AT THISHAVING MANAGED TO AVOID PLAYING AT ALL WITH THE MAN WHO WOULD HAVE TROUNCED HIM 10-0 1 WINS ( FOR EITHER SIDE ) AS WELLAS DRAWS ARE AUTOMATICALLY 1 WHEN BOBBY NEVER SHOWED UP TO DEFEND HIS TITLE, ANATOLY KARPOVBECAME GRAND WIZARD. KARPOV WAS VERY,VERY HARD TO BEAT. HE WAS WORTHY OF THE TITLE AND IT IS THUS A MYSTERY WHY THE SERVICES OF A HYPNOTIST WERE ENGAGED FOR HIS MATCH AGAINST THE DEFECTOR, HIS NEMESIS VIKTOR KORCHNOI. 1 WHEN ALEKHINE DIED,HE WAS FOLL--OWED BY THE RUSSIAN PHYSICIST MIKHAIL BOTVINNIK. BOTVINNIK,THEFIRST OF A SERIES OF RUSSIAN CHAMPIONS,DECIDED TO DESIGN A COMPUTER CHESS PROGRAM. THIS WASA MARVELLOUS IDEA,AND WORK BEGANIN 1950. A WORKING MODEL IS 1 TIME LIMIT CONTROL 1 TIME DEFAULT 1 TIME CONTROLS CAN BE SET FROM 30 SECONDS TO 90 SECONDS. IF YOUEXCEED THE TIME LIMIT YOU WILL FORFEIT THE GAME AUTOMATICALLY. 1 THIS YOUNG MAN WAS PAUL MORPHY,A CHESS GENIUS FROM NEW ORLEANS.HE FLASHED ACROSS THE CHESS 1 THERE WERE TWO INTERRUPTIONS TOBOTVINNIK'S LONG REIGN.THE FIRSTWAS BY VASSILI SMYSLOV AND THE SECOND BY MIKHAIL TAL. TAL WAS NOTORIOUS FOR HIS BRILLIANT (BUTUNSOUND) STYLE AND FOR HIS QUITEHYPNOTIC STARE. 1 THERE ARE FIVE SKILL LEVELS, FROM 1 (BEGINNER) TO 5 (MASTER ) 1 THE PRACTISE OF PRODUCING BOOKSOF GAMES THAT NEVER WERE PLAYED IS STILL PRACTISED TODAY. IT IS PROBABLY UNWISE TO NAME THE 1 THE ORIGIN OF CHESS IS WRAPPED IN THE MISTS OF OBSCURITY....IT IS AS IF IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN WITHUS, AS IF IT WILL ALWAYS BE WITHUS. 1 THE OBJECT OF THE GAME IS TO GETYOUR PAWNS TO THE EIGHTH RANK - THAT IS, TO THE OPPOSITE END OF THE BOARD 1 THE NEXT GREAT NAME IN CHESS ISTHAT OF GRECO, AN ITALIAN NOBLE--MAN WHO PUBLISHED A BOOK OF FAKED GAMES. THIS BOOK SHOWS WHAT BRILLIANT COMBINATIONS WERENOT PLAYED IN HIS DAY.... 1 THE NEXT GREAT FIGURE WAS THAT OF WILHELM STEINITZ. HE WAS A VERY DEEP PLAYER - ALSO WIDE, THOUGH SHORT. HE WAS CHAMPION OF THE WORLD FOR 26 YEARS, AND WAS HENCE CONSIDERED BY ALL HIS RIVALS TO BE STUPID, OBSTINATE AND PIG-HEADED. 1 THE NEXT GREAT EVENT WAS THE HUNDRED YEAR MATCH BETWEEN THE FRENCHMAN LABOURDONNAIS AND THE MIGHTY SCOTTISH GIANT MCDONNELL.MCDONNELL WORKED HARD, LONG 1 THE GAME WAS TAKEN UP WITH VERYGREAT ENTHUSIASM BY A WILY OLD SPANISH BISHOP CALLED RUY LOPEZ.HE NEVER, HOWEVER, PLAYED THE RUY LOPEZ WHICH IS WHY IT WAS NAMED AFTER HIM. WE KNOW HE WAS WILY BECAUSE HE WROTE A BOOK ON CHESS WHICH STARTED OFF WITH 'SEAT YOUR OPPONENT WITH THE SUNIN HIS EYES.' 1 THE GAME RAPIDLY SPREAD ALL OVER THE GLOBE.THE GREEKS LEARNTHOW TO PLAY WITH EACHOTHER. A FEW OF THEM LEARNT CHESS TOO... 1 THE GAME ENDS ONCE ONE SIDE GETSA PAWN THROUGH. IT MATTERS NOT HOW MANY PAWNS YOU SACRIFICE TO ACHIEVE YOUR OBJECTIVE. 1 THE DUTCH PLAYED CHESS TOO. IT WAS DISCOVERED THAT PAWNS FITTEDVERY VERY WELL INTO HOLES IN DYKES. 1 THE CONCLUSION TO BE DRAWN IS THAT CHESS ORIGINATED EITHER IN INDIA, OR NOT IN INDIA, BETWEEN 12000 B.C. AND 1983 A.D. THERE WERE SOME PEOPLE WHO DISAGREED WITH THIS, BUT ALL OPPONENTS OF THE THEORY HAVE NOW BEEN UTTERLYDISCREDITED. 1 THE COMPUTER WILL ACCEPT ONLY LEGAL MOVES. IF YOU INPUT AN ILLEGAL ONE, YOU WILL BE GIVEN A TIME PENALTY AND ALLOWED TO REINPUT THE MOVE. 1 THE COMPUTER PLAYS AN EXCITING GAME,AND IT MOVES BREATHTAKINGLYFAST. ON AVERAGE, IT USES LESS THAN 0.2 SECONDS PER MOVE ! 1 THE CHINESE ENJOYED CHESS. IT WENT WELL WITH MINT TEA AND A BIT OF CRUMPET 1 THE AD WAS ANSWERED BY JOSE RAOUL CAPABLANCA OF CUBA. J.R. DID NOT LOSE A CHESS GAME IN TENYEARS OF WORLD-LEVEL PLAY:HE SAWMORE IN 3 SECONDS THAN DID HIS CONTEMPORARIES IN 3 DAYS. HE WONTHE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP WHEN DR LASKER COULD NO LONGER POSTPONE THE MATCH. J.R.'S CLEAR PLAY ANDPERFECT TECHNIQUE MADE HIM QUITEINVINCIBLE. THAT IS WHY HE WAS BEATEN BY ALEKSANDR A.A.ALEKHINE 1 SPECTRUM FIRST..Y/N 1 SKILL LEVEL..1 TO 5 1 SINCE YOU BEGIN PLAYING FROM THE'BOTTOM' OF THE BOARD, YOU PLAY UPWARDS. 1 RETURNING TO THE PAST, IT IS WELL KNOWN IN THE HIMALAYAN AREATHAT THE ROOK IS MERELY A POOR CORRUPTION OF THE WORD RUKH. THERUKH WAS A MULTIHEADED BEAST THAT WAYLAID UNWARY TRAVELLERS INREMOTE & DISTANT PARTS. LEGENDDOES NOT SPECIFY WHETHER IT EVERDID MOVE DIAGONALLY 1 PRESS A KEY TO START NEW MATCH 1 PREPARE FOR COMBAT 1 PHILIDOR'S THEORIES WERE TOO MUCH IN ADVANCE OF HIS TIME TO BE UNDERSTOOD, AND SINCE THEN THEY HAVE BEEN TO FAR BEHIND THETIMES TO RECEIVE ANY ATTENTION. HE IS THEREFORE ACCEPTED AS THE FIRST GREAT CHESS THINKER. 1 PAWN CHESS 1 OR, OF COURSE,THERE IS A THEORYBY MR VON DANIKEN THAT CHESS WASGIVEN TO US BY THE GODS. OH WELLIT DOES NOT REALLY MATTER, DOES IT? 1 ONCE PART OR WHOLLY ENTERED, A MOVE CANNOT BE WITHDRAWN - THE DELETE KEY HAS BEEN RENDERED INOPERATIVE. 1 ONCE A MATCH HAS BEGUN, THE 1 NOW I AM NOT GOING TO TELL YOU THE HISTORY OF THAT PAWN DOWN INWATFORD. IT WAS ALL IN THE LOCALPAPERS, SEE, AND IT WOULD BE A WASTE OF TIME REPEATING IT. I'LLJUST MENTION THE POEM THEY WERE RECITING ON THAT FATEFUL NIGHT: 1 NEXT CAME BORIS SPASSKY, THE LAST ROMANTIC PLAYER,AND A GREATGENTLEMAN. UNFORTUNATELY, THAT'SNOT AN ADVANTAGE AT CHESS. 1 MOVE COORDINATES CONSIST OF A LETTER FOLLOWED BY A NUMBER. THELETTER REPRESENTS THE FILE OF THE SQUARE AND THE NUMBER THE RANK. THESE ARE CLEARLY MARKED ON THE PLAYING BOARD. FILES ARE FROM A TO H AND RANKS ARE FROM 1 TO 8. 1 LATER ON MORPHY USED TO LIE IN HIS BATH SURROUNDED BY LADIES SHOES. HE LIKED IT. 1 LABOURDONNAIS WON. 1 LABOURDONNAIS SWORE, DRANK, GESTICULATED, REGURGITATED, AND BURST INTO SNATCHES OF SONG AT SEVERAL POINTS DURING THE MATCH 1 KORCHNOI'S ANANDA -MARG FOLLOW--ERS WERE PICKED UP BY THE LOCALPOLICE ON MURDER CHARGES. A PAR--TITION WAS ERECTED BENEATH THE PLAYING TABLE TO PREVENT KARPOV AND KORCHNOI FROM KICKING EACH- -OTHER ON THE SHIN. 1 KARPOV NARROWLY WON. 1 ITS INVENTION HAS BEEN VARIOUS--LY ASCRIBED TO THE PARSIS,TURKSPYGMIES, ARABS, CHINESE,PEKINESETHE RED INDIAN TRIBES, THE FIRSTSPECTRUM PROGRAMMER, THE ITTOKS,THE ASAKS AND THE IRISH. 1 IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO FAMILIARISEYOURSELF WITH THE SCREEN DISPLAY- IT CONSISTS OF: 1 INSTRUCTIONS....Y/N 1 IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY THEREAROSE THE GREAT PHILIDOR: HE IS IMMORTALISED BY THE PHILIDOR DEFENSE (NO, HE NEVER PLAYED IT EITHER) AND BY PHILIDOR'S LEGACY - THE MOST WELL KNOWN OF SMOTH--ERED MATES. HISTORY IS SILENT AS TO WHETHER HE GOT NICKED FOR THIS HEINOUS CRIME UPON THE 1 IN THE 1909 US CHESS BULLETIN WAS AN AD - 'WANTED..A YOUTH WITH THE GENIUS OF MORPHY, THE MEMORY OF PILLSBURY, THE DETER- -MINATION OF STEINITZ...' 1 IN HIS OLD AGE STEINITZ WOULD WALK ABOUT HIS GARDEN BAREFOOT AS HE WAS SURE THIS COLLECTED ELECTRICITY. HE ALSO HELD TELE- -PHONE CONVERSATIONS WITH GOD, AND OFFERED HIM FIRST MOVE. 1 IN CASE YOU ARE UNFAMILIAR WITH CHESS, THE PAWN MOVE RULES ARE AS FOLLOWS:- 1 IN A REYKJAVIK MATCH, BETWEEN DEMANDS FOR (AMONG OTHER THINGS)GREEN VOLKSWAGONS,BOBBY WON. NOWHE HAD PROVED WHAT HE'D BEEN SAYING FOR YEARS, HE VANISHED, &THE KREMLIN WAS ECSTATIC. 1 IN A MANHATTAN MATCH BETWEEN BALD MEMBERS & HIRSUTE ONES, THEBALDHEADS WON 14-11 (SAMSON ?) 1 I HAVE WON 1 HENCE TO MOVE FROM SQUARE C2 TO SQUARE C4, ALL YOU NEED TO 1 HE WAS SUCCEEDED BY DESCHAPEL --LES, ANOTHER FRENCHMAN.THIS MANOF IRON, WHEN NO LONGER CERTAIN OF BEATING EVERYBODY, REFUSED TOPLAY AT ALL UNLESS HIS OPPONENT WOULD ACCEPT ODDS OF PAWN AND MOVE. IF DESCHAPELLES LOST HE COULD THEN SAY IT WAS BECAUSE OFTHE ODDS. THIS STRATEGY BECAME KNOWN AS THE DESCHAPELLES COUP. 1 FOR DOWN FROM BROOKLYN CAME STORMING ROBERT JAMES FISCHER, USUALLY CALLED BOBBY. BOBBY WAS VERY RUDE,CONCEITED AND ALMOST CERTAINLY THE GREATEST PLAYER THE GAME HAS EVER KNOWN (THOUGH IT TOOK HIM 12 YEARS TO FIGURE OUT THAT THE QUEEN PAWN OPENING WAS ON THE BALL....) 1 FINALLY,BOTVINNIK WAS OUSTED BYTIGRAN (TIGER) PETROSIAN. TIGER WAS AN INFURIATING OPPONENT AND IS ACCEPTED AS THE MOST DULL ANDS(T)OLID CHESSPLAYER IN HISTORY- THE SOVIETS DECLARED PETROSIANNEVER LOST TWO CONSECUTIVE GAMESIN A CENTURY (PLEASE NOTE). 1 ENTER YOUR MOVES USING STANDARD ALGEBRAIC NOTATION. THIS MEANS ENTERING FIRST THE COORDINATES OF THE SQUARE YOU ARE MOVING FROM AND THEN THOSE OF THE 1 DR LASKER, A MATHEMATICIAN OF NOTE, SUCCEEDED HIM. HE TOO WAS CHAMPION FOR 26 YEARS.HIS RIVALSAND CRITICS EXPLAINED THIS WAS BECAUSE HE PLAYED WEAK MOVES. THIS WAS CALLED PSYCHOLOGY.SINCELASKER'S STYLE WAS VERY MURKY (WITH A DASH OF POISON) HE WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE APOSTLE OF COMMON SENSE IN CHESS. DR LASKERSMOKED CHEAP CHEROOTS - TO THIS IS ATTRIBUTED SOME OF HIS MOST MOMENTOUS VICTORIES. 1 CONTINUE THIS MATCH 1 CHESS PIECES ARE SAID TO HAVE BEEN FOUND IN ANCIENT TOMBS, UR AND THERE. IT IS ALLEGED THAT A PIECE WAS FOUND IN THE THE GREENMAN PUB DOWN WATFORD WAY - BUT IT HAD PROBABLY GOT LOST. IT WASA PAWN, INCIDENTALLY. 1 BY THE WAY, SOME AUTHORITIES ONCHESS SUSPECT THAT RUY LOPEZ WASNOT A MAN OF THE CLOTH AT ALL, BUT HE MITRE BEEN. 1 BOBBY HAD DESTROYED BENT LARSEN(MOSCOW PHONE ENQUIRY SERVICE ATTHE TIME WAS SO BLOCKED WITH CALLS THAT THE GIRLS JUST YELLED6-0 INTO THE PHONE IRRESPECTIVE OF THE QUESTION !) AND PETROSIANTOO, WINNING 4 IN A ROW ( THIS MUST HAVE CONFUSED THE RUSSIANS AS TO WHAT CENTURY THEY WERE IN) 1 AT ABOUT THIS TIME CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PLAYED A CORRESPOND- -ENCE MATCH WITH AN ESSEX INSANEASYLUM. CAMBRIDGE WERE TROUNCED. 1 AND THEN IT WAS NOW, SO HISTORYSTOPPED. 1 ALEKHINE WAS HAILED AS THE BESTPLAYER OF ALL TIME,AS THE MASTEROF COMBINATIONS. HE HAD A CAT CALLED CHESS,CARRIED NO PASSPORTAND REFUSED TO TALK WITH J.R. FOR ALL HIS LIFE. ALEKHINE WAS PARTIAL TO LIQUOR (ETC) & WAS HENCE DEFEATED BY THE DUTCHMAN EUWE (SAID YERVER, OR AEIOU). ITWAS THE 'AGUE. ALEKHINE THEN HADSOME SOUR MILK AND THRASHED EUWE 1 AFTER THIS STRUGGLE BOTH THESE PLAYERS PASSED AWAY. THEY WERE SUCCEEDED BY ENGLAND'S GREATEST CHESS PLAYER, A CERTAIN HOWARD STAUNTON ( NOT THE WATFORD ONE )NOW HOWARD SUPPORTED CHELSEA... 1 A GREAT PLAYER OF THIS TIME WASARON NIMZOVICH. HE HAD THE RIGHTPHILOSOPHICAL ATTITUDE TO THE GAME. FOR EXAMPLE, ON LOSING A TOURNAMENT GAME TO A LESSER MAN,ARON JUMPED ONTO THE TABLE AND YELLED 'WHY MUST I LOSE TO THIS IDIOT!'. THIS WAS ONLY CAPPED BYJOSEPH BLACKBURNE. ON LOSING HISGAME WITH STEINITZ, HE PROPELLEDTHAT SPIRITED GENTLEMAN OUT OF THE WINDOW. AS IT HAPPENED, THISHAPPENED IN FRANCE, & THE WINDOWWAS FRENCH TOO. 1 ;PRESS Y TO READ A SPICY HISTORY OF CHESS - ITS QUITE LONG ! 1 6. WHEN YOU MAKE A CAPTURE, YOUR PAWN MOVES TO THE SQUARE OF 1 ..PRESS A KEY TO CONTINUE.. 1 . THOSE FAMILIAR WITH CHESS SHOULDNOTE THAT THE EN PASSANT RULE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY OMITTED. 1 "OCTAPAWN" 1 YOUR OPPONENT, THE FIENDISH ZX SPECTRUM, IS PLAYING DOWNWARDS. 1 WORLD LIKE A FIERY METEOR, DEF- -EATING ALL WHO OPPOSED HIM WITHRIDICULOUS EASE. HE PLAYED THE DUKE OF BRUNSWICK & COUNT ISOUA--RD IN A PARIS OPERA BOX. THERE WAS JUST NO PUTTING A LID ON HIM...AFTER CONVINCINGLY DEMONSTRA--TING THAT HE WAS THE JEWEL OF THE CHESS UNIVERSE, MORPHY RET- -IRED IN DISGUST. 1 WINNER OF A GAME GETS FIRST MOVEIN THE NEXT GAME. IN THE CASE OFDRAWS, THE COMPUTER SIMULATES A COINTOSS TO DECIDE WHO SHOULD PLAY FIRST. 1 TO FOREGO A MOVE. 1 THROUGH THE NIGHT, PREPARING, ANALYSING, IMPROVING... 1 THINKING 1 THE MAN THAT HATH NO LOVE OF CHESS, 1 THE ENEMY PAWN. THE ENEMY 1 THAT PAWN FOREVER LOSES THE 1 SQUARE YOU ARE MOVING TO. 1 SQUARE OCCUPIED BY ANY OTHER PAWN, EXCEPT WHEN IT IS 1 RECOGNISED BY THE COMPUTER. 1 PERSON OF HIS WIFE. I HOPE HE GOT LIFE. 1 PAWNS, NEVER YOUR OWN. 1 PAWN IS REMOVED. 1 OPTION OF MOVING 2 SQUARES AT A TIME. 1 OPPONENT ( A NUMBER -THE HIGHER IT IS, THE BETTER YOUR ENEMY THINKS HIS POSITION IS! ) 1 IS, TRUTH TO SAY, A SORRY WIGHT:UNFAITHFUL TO HIS KING AND QUEENA SHAMELESS AND UNGALLANT KNIGHTHE SNEERETH AT OUR MOTHER CHURCHHE SPITTETH ON THE BISHOP'S LAWNMAY ILL LUCK FORCE HIM TO PLACE HIS CASTLES AND ESTATES IN PAWN. 1 IS HAS NO LEGAL MOVE, THE 1 IF IT IS 1 SQUARE DIAGONALLY AHEAD OF YOU ( TO THE LEFT OR THE RIGHT ). 1 GAME IS A DRAW. 1 EXPECTED BY 1995. 1 ENTER IS C2C4. 1 COUNTRY INVOLVED, OR IN ANY WAY TO IDENTIFY IT. ( SINCE MY LAST BRUSH WITH THE KGB WAS RATHER UNPLEASANT) 1 CAPTURING THAT PAWN - SEE 4. 4. YOU CAN CAPTURE A PAWN ONLY 1 ALTERNATELY. YOU CANNOT OPT 1 8. IF THE PLAYER WHOSE MOVE IT 1 7. YOU AND YOUR OPPONENT MOVE 1 5. YOU CAN CAPTURE ONLY ENEMY 1 3. A PAWN CANNOT MOVE ONTO A 1 1. ON THE FIRST MOVE OF A PAWN, IT CAN MOVE EITHER ONE OR TWO SQUARES DIRECTLY FORWARD. 2. ONCE A PAWN HAS BEEN MOVED, 1 ...PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE.... 1 +THE BOARD AND PIECES 1 +ON THE LEFT, THE EVALUATION OF THE BEST MOVE FOUND BY YOUR 1 +MESSAGE AREAS FOR A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT MESSAGES 1 +INDICATORS FOR LEVEL AND TIME CONTROL SETTINGS 1 +INDICATOR FOR NUMBER OF MOVES MADE, AND AN 'ENTER MOVE'PROMPT+TWO AUTOCLOCKS (1/10 SECOND) +LAST MOVE MADE 1 WELL - I DID WARN YOU IT WAS WATFORD ! 1 - You play first 1 - I play first